Objects have many observable properties such as size, mass, shape, color, temperature, magnetism, and the ability to react with other substances. Some properties can be measured using tools such as metric rulers, balances, and thermometers. Separating and Classifying by Properties

Classify objects based on one or more properties.Arrange collections of similar objects in serial order according to a specific property.Use differences in similar objects to introduce serial ordering.Gather evidence that the volume of a sample of water remains the same even though the shape of its container changes.Classify objects by whether they sink or float in water.

Objects are made of one or more materials such as paper, wood, and metal. Objects can be described by the properties of the materials from which they are made. Those properties can be used to separate or classify objects or materials. States of Matter

Classify objects by properties of one or more materials.Classify objects according to the materials of which they are made.

Materials can exist in different states-solid, liquid, and gas. Some common materials, such as water, can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling.

Observe how different materials absorb water at different rates.Observe a variety of ice samples as they change from a solid to a liquid. Gather evidence to prove that the amount of water is relative to the size of the ice sample. (See also SE-E-2.1.1.)

Earth Materials are solid rocks and soils, water, and the gases of the atmosphere. Minerals that make up rocks have properties of color, texture, and hardness. Soils have properties of color, texture, the capacity to retain water, and the ability to support plant growth. Water on the Earth and in the atmosphere can be a solid, liquid, or gas.

Observe and describe Earth materials (soil, gravel, water, rocks, etc.) based on property categories such as hard, soft, color, texture, mass, size, etc.

Identify and compare the properties of Earth materials including rocks, soil, water, and gases in the atmosphere.

Observe how moving air can change the position and form of Earth materials such as pebbles, sand, and silt.

Group rocks and soil according to property categories such as hardness, color, texture, weight, shape, and size.

Observe ice samples as they change from a solid to a liquid.

Objects in the sky (e.g., Sun, clouds, moon) have properties, locations, and real or apparent movements that can be observed and described.

Identify the position (above, below, right, left, etc.) and motion of objects (i.e., forward, backward, up, down).

Track the direction and motion of a cloud on a windy day. Compare it to the direction and motion of a flag flying relatively close.

On a sunny day, periodically record the position of the sun relative to an object in the environment. Infer and record changes of position over time.

Examine shadows at different times of the day.

Weather can change from day to day and over the seasons. Weather can be described by observations and measurable quantities, such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and precipitation.

Investigate temperature differences outdoors such as the warmest and coolest spot around school building.

Record and graph temperature data over a two-week period. Compare changes. Keep a weather journal.

Observe wind speed and wind direction. Record environmental changes caused by wind.

Use senses to gather data about weather.

Observe and classify three major cloud types: cumulus, stratus, and cirrus. Make a cloud chart.

Discuss and describe different types of weather.

Use rain gauges to measure rainfall.

Changes in movement of objects in the sky have patterns that can be observed and described. The Sun appears to move across the sky in the same way every day, but the Sun’s apparent path changes slowly over seasons. The moon moves across the sky on a daily basis much like the Sun. The observable shape of the moon changes from day to day in a cycle that lasts about a month.

Locate the moon in the daytime sky. Periodically during the day, observe, record and predict changes in the location of the moon.

Record the shape of the moon over a period of several days. Classify the shape according to the phases of the moon.

Using chalk, record student shadows on concrete or asphalt early in the morning and periodically during the day. Discuss shadow changes relative to the sun’s position. Predict evening shadows.

Identify the three things (light, object, and surface) necessary to produce a shadow.

Things in the environment are classified as living, nonliving, and once living. Living things differ from nonliving things. Organisms are classified into groups by using various characteristics (e.g., body coverings, body structures).

Classify animals based on observable characteristics (body covering, locomotion, etc.).

Observe and sort seeds by properties.

Observe and compare properties of several different plants.

Differentiate between living organisms and nonliving objects.

Describe common characteristics of living things.

Plants and animals have life cycles that include the beginning of life, growth and development, reproduction, and death. The details of a life cycle are different for different organisms.

Draw the life cycle of an animal.

Grow plants from seeds. Observe, describe, and record growth and developmental changes.

Identify required environmental factors necessary for germination and plant growth.

Plants and animals closely resemble their parents at some time in their life cycle. Some characteristics (e.g., the color of flowers, the number of appendages) are passed to offspring. Other characteristics are learned from interactions with the environment such as the ability to ride a bicycle, and these cannot be passed on to the next generation.

Observe and draw an offspring (e.g., guppies, snails, duckweed, etc.) that resembles the parent. Locate the similarities of both.

Observe animal parent and offspring behaviors. Discuss behavioral similarities and differences.

Plants make their own food. All animals depend on plants. Some animals eat plants for food. Other animals eat animals that eat the plants.

Observe changes in the population size of an organism, such as daphnia and duckweed, and infer the causes.

Identify the organisms of a simple food chain in a fresh-water aquarium.

Apply the concept of food chain to the feeding relationships among organisms. Diagram a known food chain.

Plant and grow seeds using different amounts of light and water.

The world has many different environments. Distinct environments support the life of different types of organisms. When the environment changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce, and others die or move to new locations.

Observe in a terrarium birth, death, and decomposition of plants and animals.

Compare habitats of different organisms and classify organisms by their habitat.

All organisms, including humans, cause changes in the environment where they live. Some of these changes are detrimental to the organism or to other organisms; other changes are beneficial (e.g., dams built by beavers benefit some aquatic organisms but are detrimental to others).

Observe fresh water organisms in classroom aquaria. Observe, infer, and predict changes that occur in the aquaria. Keep a journal or log of the changes.